Main Article Content
Abstract
The synonymic nature of humanistic scholarship suggests that to be a clinician with a humanistic focus, one must be an antiracist. Many practicing counselors report not receiving training on identifying and treating race-based trauma. This study, presented as a conceptual analysis, draws on secondary data sources including scholarly journals, textbooks, and online materials to propose a race-based trauma course curriculum. Methods of curriculum design include reviewing existing research, identifying critical gaps in multicultural training, and structuring content around self-awareness, knowledge, skill development, and advocacy. The discussion highlights the need for counselor educators to integrate antiracist-humanistic strategies to better prepare students for addressing race-based trauma in clinical practice. This work concludes with implications for counselor education programs to strengthen responsiveness to address training students in race-based trauma.
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References
- American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
- Bemak, F., Talleyrand, R. M., Jones, H., & Daquin, J. (2011). Implementing Multicultural Social Justice Strategies in Counselor Education Training Programs. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 3(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.3.1.29-43
- Bryant-Davis, T. (2007). Healing requires recognition: The case for race-based traumatic stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(1), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006295152
- Comas-Díaz, L., Hall, G. N., & Neville, H. A. (2019). Racial trauma: Theory, research, and healing: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 74(1), 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000442
- Cornish, J. A. E., Schreier, B. A., Nadkarni, L. I., Henderson Metzger, L., & Rodolfa, E. R.
- (2010). Handbook of multicultural counseling competencies. John Wiley & Sons.
- Crastnopol, M. (2017). Acknowledging the Achilles' heel: On the microtraumatic impact of a person's actual flaws, deficits, and vulnerabilities. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 53(3), 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2017.1356258
- Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), Article 8. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
- Day-Vines, N. L., Booker Ammah, B., Steen, S., & Arnold, K. M. (2018). Getting comfortable with discomfort: Preparing counselor trainees to broach racial, ethnic, and cultural factors with clients during counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 40(2), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-017-9308-9
References
American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Bemak, F., Talleyrand, R. M., Jones, H., & Daquin, J. (2011). Implementing Multicultural Social Justice Strategies in Counselor Education Training Programs. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 3(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.3.1.29-43
Bryant-Davis, T. (2007). Healing requires recognition: The case for race-based traumatic stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(1), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006295152
Comas-Díaz, L., Hall, G. N., & Neville, H. A. (2019). Racial trauma: Theory, research, and healing: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 74(1), 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000442
Cornish, J. A. E., Schreier, B. A., Nadkarni, L. I., Henderson Metzger, L., & Rodolfa, E. R.
(2010). Handbook of multicultural counseling competencies. John Wiley & Sons.
Crastnopol, M. (2017). Acknowledging the Achilles' heel: On the microtraumatic impact of a person's actual flaws, deficits, and vulnerabilities. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 53(3), 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2017.1356258
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), Article 8. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
Day-Vines, N. L., Booker Ammah, B., Steen, S., & Arnold, K. M. (2018). Getting comfortable with discomfort: Preparing counselor trainees to broach racial, ethnic, and cultural factors with clients during counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 40(2), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-017-9308-9