Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 9 Download : 2

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between birth order and gender with career self-efficacy among high school students. The study was grounded in Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology theory, particularly the concepts of family constellation and birth order, and was further supported by Social Cognitive Career Theory in explaining the development of students’ career beliefs. This research employed a quantitative correlational approach involving 174 tenth- and eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Gowa. Data were collected using a career self-efficacy questionnaire and analyzed through Point-Biserial Correlation, Spearman Rank Correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed that gender had a significant relationship with career self-efficacy, whereas birth order did not show a significant relationship. Simultaneously, gender and birth order significantly influenced career self-efficacy, although their contribution was relatively low. These findings indicate that students’ career beliefs are more strongly influenced by psychological dynamics, social experiences, and environmental support than by birth order alone.

Keywords

Self-efficacy career gender high school student birth order family constelation

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Adler, A. (1927/1998). Understanding human nature. Oneworld Publications.
  2. Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (Eds.). (1956). The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler: A systematic presentation in selections from his writings. Basic Books.
  3. Asriyana, Sugiharto, D. Y. P., Sunawan, & Mugiarso, H. (2026). Career search efficacy and student life satisfaction among vocational school students: The mediating role of career decision self-efficacy . G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 10(2), 1295–1309.
  4. Azhar, I. N., & Nugraheni, E. P. (2026). Hubungan self-esteem dan perceived parental expectations terhadap career decision self-efficacy pada siswa SMA. Jurnal Madinasika, 7(2), 405–415.
  5. Bagaskara, A., & Maryam, E. W. (2025). Self-efficacy training produces significant career decision changes in high school students. Academia Open, 10(2)
  6. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy : The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
  7. Dwatra, F. D. (2023). High school students’ career indecision reviewed based on major and gender. Neo Konseling, 5(3), 1–7.
  8. Dwiyanthi, P. N., Rostiana, A., & Riasnugrahani, M. (2025). Pengaruh keluarga dan efikasi diri dalam membuat keputusan karier: Mediasi identitas vokasi. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 12(2), 317-335.
  9. Eckstein, D., & Kaufman, J. A. (2012). The role of birth order in personality: An enduring intellectual legacy of Alfred Adler. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(1), 60–74.
  10. Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326–339. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(81)90019-1
  11. Hadi, A., Aryani, E., Konseling, D., Mercu, U., & Yogyakarta, B. (2023). Navigating career decisions: the influence of gender perception among high school students. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Terapan, 7(02), 125-131.
  12. Jemini Gashi, L., Bërxulli, D., Konjufca, J., & Cakolli, L. (2023). Effectiveness of career guidance workshops on the career self-efficacy , outcome expectations, and career goals of adolescents: An intervention study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 28(1), 2281421. doi:10.1080/02673843.2023.2281421
  13. Kuba, R., & Flegr, J. (2024). Birth order. In Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. Springer.
  14. Kusumawati, H., & Salim, R. M. A. (2026). Parent–child career congruence and grit as predictors of career decision self-efficacy among low socioeconomic status high school students. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 15(1), 453–467.
  15. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying Social Cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
  16. Loan, L. T. M., Thu, N. T. A., Thanh, T. T. P., & Hoang, N. H. (2025). Career-related parent support and career decision-making self-efficacy among Vietnamese university students: The moderating role of gender. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(8), 2025382.
  17. Lomotey, J. N. A. A. (2025). The impact of birth order on decision-making styles and confidence: An exploratory study. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Management.
  18. MT, Prathibha., VG, Anupama., Murali, S., & Pinheiro, C. (2025). SELF ESTEEM AND CAREER DECISION-MAKING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KERALA. International Journal of Medicine & Public Health, 15(2).
  19. Ningsih, S. M., & Rejeki, A. (2025). From home to campus: The impact of parenting and self-efficacy on student education decisions. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 13(2).
  20. Pratama, M. F., & Muttaqin, D. (2024). Career decision-making self-efficacy as mediator of parental career support and vocational identity. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 13(4), 1748–1774.
  21. Sahin, A., Sugiharto, D. Y. P., Sunawan, & Mulawarman. (2026). Teacher support and career decision-making self-efficacy across gender. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 10(03), 2664–2676.
  22. Situmorang, D. D. B., & Lewoleba, M. P. (2025). Sex and ethnic differences in career decision self-efficacy : The comparison between Mentawai, Kutai, Lombok, Palu, and Papua youths. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(2). doi:10.51214/002025071412000
  23. Theresia, E., Puspitasari, I., Sulastra, M. C., & Setiawan, T. (2025). Career search efficacy in Generation Z. Humanitas: Jurnal Psikologi, 9(1), 1–17. doi:10.28932/humanitas.v9i1.10856
  24. Tong, Y., Li, X., & Sun, Q. (2025). The influence of self-efficacy on career maturity in college students: Mediating the moderation of creativity tendency and achievement motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 16.
  25. Yanli, L. A. (2025). Career decision-making self-efficacy among university students: Gender differences in Central Java Province. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal.
  26. Zozoungbo, C. (2024). How gender and birth order affect educational attainment inequality within-families: Evidence from Benin. arXiv.